bertrand paradox造句

• See the Bertrand paradox ( probability ) for an analogous case .)
• Unlike the Bertrand paradox, the situation of both companies charging zero-profit prices is not an equilibrium, since either company can raise its price and generate profits.
• The Bertrand paradox rarely appears in practice because real products are almost always differentiated in some way other than price ( brand name, if nothing else ); firms have limitations on their capacity to manufacture and distribute; and two firms rarely have identical costs.